Yemen. (Arizona in 1870 reborn)

The recent hysteria over Yemen has caused me to give you all this little piece of the latest draft of my memoir.  This is a minimalist statement of what happened in my Yemen years.  There, was  much, much more.  pl

“Lang was Defense and Army Attaché (DATT/ARMA) in the Yemen Arab Republic for three years (1979 to 1982).  The embassy was small and lodged in a multi- story mud and palm log building in the middle of Sanaa.  The ambassador lived there surrounded by beautiful gardens and many servants.  Lang and Marguerite established themselves in a rambling white masonry house about a mile from the embassy.  It was surrounded by a ten foot wall topped with broken glass.  Water was provided by trucks that filled and refilled tanks on the roof.  In time Marguerite’s garden rivalled that of the embassy.  There was a guard, an aged Yemeni tribal, who although in his eighties had a large and ever growing family.  His name was Ahmad.  He had every Saturday off and spent it at home somewhere making more babies.  He and one of his wives produced a new one during the Langs’ time in Sanaa.  When asked by Lang how he managed that he replied, “Clean living, fasting in Ramadan and effort every Saturday.”   Ahmad was very solicitous of the memsahib’s welfare and guarded the place like a lion during Lang’s frequent absences in the field.   Ahmad lived in a little whitewashed building by the front gate.

The office consisted of Lang, his US Army sergeant and a driver who was an employee of the embassy, but in reality was a major in the Yemeni National Police.  His assignment was surveillance of the American military attaché.  His name was Abdullah al-Shami.   He was a substantial person whose help was always generously given when it was requested and sometimes when it was not. He knew that Lang’s work required him to “poke around” the country in places that were frequently unsafe because of banditry or some other sort of local warfare.   When Lang needed to go somewhere that was probably insecure he formed the habit of asking Abdullah’s opinion.  If the answer was positive, they went there together.  If the answer was not, he went alone when Abdullah was away.  Abdullah spoke reasonably good English having been a driver for several British officers at Aden when the United Kingdom possessed South Yemen, but Lang asked him when they first met to speak nothing but Arabic to him and he always did.  From time to time he gave Lang a verbal report as to what sort of grade his Arabic deserved.   Abdullah was a wonderful companion on field trips across the mountain and desert country.  On some occasions, parties of tribesmen halted their Land Cruiser truck or Peugeot 504 on country roads to demand tribute or the vehicle.  Lang and Abdullah were armed with sub-machine guns in the car and Browning 9 mm. automatic pistols in hidden holsters.  These were formidable but Abdullah never waved a firearm at the “bandits.”  He always walked back to the car’s trunk and picked up two axe handles.  With those in their hands they would approach the offending group.  Abdullah then greeted them in a friendly way but if the tribesmen were aggressive he would open his jacket to show his pistol and declare, “oh sons of donkeys, do you want to see blood?”  The tribesmen were always taken aback and inevitably settled for canned groceries brought as trade goods.  On one occasion Lang fired a magazine from an old M-3 “grease gun” sub-machine gun into a river bank when it was clear that there would be no violence.  He had bought the weapon at a local arms bazaar.  The strike of the .45 ACP bullets astounded the audience and on an impulse Lang handed the gun to the leader as a gift.  The stocky little man in native dress embraced him.  As they drove off Abdullah laughed in delight.  In the mirror the chieftain could be seen standing by the track holding the weapon above his head.  For the rest of his time in Yemen Lang and Abdullah knew they were safe in that little valley.  On longer journeys to the south they often “staged’ through there and slept in the village after dining on a sheep or goat they had brought to these people as a token of friendship.  Their safety was ensured by the tribal Arab’s duty to offer hospitality and protection to friends.

Abdullah’s “cover” as a driver wore thin at times.  On the road, policemen sometimes saluted him and addressed him as “major.”  When that happened, Lang would pretend to be looking out the window at the barren countryside.  Abdullah lived in a small building in the back yard of the Lang’s large house and he, too, went home on the weekends.

Pat Lang was not the cookie pushing type of attaché.  He was not someone who particularly liked cocktail parties although he attended many.

Yemen at that time was a lot like Arizona in the 1870s, a country inhabited by savage, heavily armed tribesmen and run by politician soldiers much like the Mexican military “brass” in the film, “The Wild Bunch.”

The USSR had a 500 man military mission in N. Yemen and another of similar size in communist South Yemen.  This military mission was commanded by a Tank Corps major general who liked Americans.  He had been a 17 year old lieutenant in 1945 and had been among the Soviet armored men who had met the US Army at Torgau on the Elbe in Germany.  He had never gotten over the experience and when he discovered that Lang was friendly, a useful relationship developed that drove the State Department people in the embassy to lecture Lang to the effect that he should keep his distance so that the Yemenis would not think he found the Soviets acceptable company.   He told them that he was there to collect information and the Soviets had the information he needed.  The CIA station chief laughed and said that he was quite right.

The Communist Chinese also had a very big embassy in Sanaa.  It was heavily manned with Middle East trained “spooks” who spoke beautiful Arabic.  The Red Chinese also had 2,000 construction workers in North Yemen employed in continuing road projects begun earlier by the US all over the country.  They were most helpful in reporting what the Soviets were "up to."

There were tribal wars of varying size all over the country.  Some were against other tribes. Some were against the government, and some others were in combination with the government against yet other tribes.  The variety was endless.

To make the ”stew” even richer, there was a coalition of leftist political groups called the National Democratic Front waging a major war against the North Yemen government.  This “front” brought together; Communists, Baathists, Socialists, and just plain dissident folks who had a variety of motives.  As an example, North Yemeni forces killed several NDF guerrillas who were found to be second generation Americans from Michigan.  One of them had a copy of a pamphlet by Tom Paine in a pocket along with his US passport when he died.  The year was 1978.  The USSR supported both sides in this war between north and south largely because Ali Abdullah Salih, the Yemeni president, displayed great skill in playing the Soviets, the US and the UK off against each other to make sure that happened.  Salih, the British MI-6 station commander, and Lang often went hunting together.  The British fellow introduced Pat to Salih.  The president  often laughed aloud with the Western spies and rejoiced at the ease with which their countries were duped.  He said he placed the Britisher and Lang in a different category as being people as devious as he and unlikely to be believed if they "ratted’ on him.

The United States had a six man military mission in North Yemen and a USAF team busy teaching the Yemen Air Force to fly F-5s fighters that the Saudis had bought for them.  Assisting the TAFT was a worthless group of Saudi Air Force Pilots whose specialty seemed to be crashing aircraft and a Taiwanese Air Force group seconded to the Saudi Air force to maintain the F-5s.

The US military training groups were confined by directive to execution of training tasks.  Lang was not.  Jobs always seemed to grow and change to match what he could and wanted to do.  He used the Red Chinese to collect against Soviet activities, used the British embassy to collect against tribal activities and the French embassy for collection against the internal activities of the Salih government.  French intelligence had two of Salih’s ministers on their payroll.

Lang was an experienced case officer and had a secondary task in Yemen of assisting CIA in recruiting from the diplomatic community.  To that end and for his own reporting to DIA, he cultivated the Soviet intelligence people from the GRU and KGB in their embassy as well as the Soviet military mission in general.  Many of these came to the house for; cookouts, sit down dinners, movies, card games and the like. 

At a steak and shrimp grill party one night, the Soviet general asked if he would like to accompany a counter-guerrilla operation conducted by 8^th Yemeni Commando Brigade.  He said he reckoned Lang was better at this than his own men.  They had been assigned from the 106^th Soviet Airborne Division and that he was sure Lang knew more Arabic than they.  He had a KGB minder with him that night and the man’s wife held her sides laughing while the spook husband choked on his steak. The general laughed as well and said to ignore him.

Lang asked DIA and was given permission.  This trip to the field was often repeated and developed over time into a relationship with the Soviet commando advisers in which “Westerners” supposedly banded together against the wily NDF.  After a while Lang wore Yemeni uniform in the field as did the Soviets.   The Soviet advisers with this outfit were almost all non-Russians.  They were Azeris, Armenians, Georgians, Chechens, etc.  Their home division’s permanent station was in the Trans-Caucasus Military District.  Lang could talk to the Yemenis on these expeditions and the Soviets could not.  The commando brigade made use of the American built F-5s as well as various Soviet provided jets for close air support on the laurel covered mountainsides in the southeast.  They also had armed MI-8 helicopters in support of operations.  The Yemeni pilots were dangerous to their own soldiers as well as to the targets, and it was soon agreed that Lang would vector the air support onto the targets supposedly because he had much experience in this.  The 8^th Commando Brigade killed many NDF fighters and lost a good many men as well.  Yemenis are real fighters no matter what side they are on.

Lang’s US general officer boss came to visit.  Ironically, The Red Chinese ambassador told the man that Pat Lang was a hero of the struggle against Soviet hegemonic ambitions and those of the running dog friends of the Soviets as well.  Pat supposed the Chinese ambassador did not know how much Lang had managed to embed himself in the Soviet advisory effort. 

The Langs were sorry to leave Yemen.  It had been a grand game.”  pl

It will be interesting to learn how many of you believe this story.

 

Comments

[turcopolier]

TTG

I saw Shedd when he testified at Sterling's trial. Not impressed. In re the size of the DIE it has been my experience that gigantism in intelligence leads to poor performance. What you need is a few good men and women. pl

[LeaNder]

Jill, if I would be pressed hard enough, I may jump on something on the surface. On the other hand, exactly that passage--with the idea of covert operations in the back of your mind--makes a lot of sense.

But if I may, let me pick out another passage. Where for a second I got lost, not quite sure if there were two Salih's one a Yemite the other a British MI6 representative. I went back to check the passage, pondered a while if a serial comma (Oxford, Havard) would help. To discover in the end, it would destroy one subtlety of the passage, remember so far the person was "Lang" suddenly he is "Pat":

"The USSR supported both sides in this war between north and south largely because Ali Abdullah Salih, the Yemeni president, displayed great skill in playing the Soviets, the US and the UK off against each other to make sure that happened. Salih, the British MI-6 station commander and Lang often went hunting together. The British fellow introduced Pat to Salih."

[turcopolier]

LeAnder

One Pat Lang, one MI-6 station commander, an Englishman (I will not name him), one Ali Abdullah Salih, president of the Yemen Arab Republic. This is literature. Remember? pl

[LeaNder]

I was a bit too short, I guess, I cannot check it.

As I know myself, I may have left out some steps ...

In a way, "Jill" attracted me. Otherwise, I would have kept my fingers of the keyboard. Jack and Jill?

[optimax]

It's true. Modern managers, private or public, tend to not have much respect or trust in their workforce. Col, the shirt and sunglasses you are wearing look like 1979. I think I had the same striped, wide-collared shirt.

[FB Ali]

Fascinating account!

Seems the country hasn't changed much - in essence, though the superstructure may have.

[Rocketrepreneur]

Pat,
Your last line about how many of us believe the story gives me some pause--but regardless, it was a great story. Thanks for sharing!

~Jon

[turcopolier]

rocketpreneur

Every word is true. You should have seen that. pl

[Bob]

I was fortunate to be able to serve as a summer intern in COL Lang's office in both 1980 and 1981, and can testify that this is certainly only a 'minimalist' account of his exciting adventures in Yemen. However, I have no memory of him ever participating in or informing me of any activities involving shooting any animals that might be endangered species, wearing foreign military uniforms, involvement in armed conflict, or involvement with foreign intelligence officers. I do remember some of the most fun times of my life, including many adventures on the road with his faithful driver Abdullah, and being inspired to want to try and follow in his footsteps. When I arrived in Yemen 20 years later as the Defense Attaché, COL Lang was still remembered well by President Ali Abdallah Salih and his family, and that I benifited from that connection.

[turcopolier]

All

"Endangered animals?" Well, we did not tell this West Point cadet everything. pl

[Patrick Bahzad]

Very interesting as well as entertaining account of a time when things were different ... The world is a dangerous place they say, but I suppose it makes more sense to send people out there who know what they're doing and how to get some useful intel/info from actual sources on the ground.
Someone was wondering in a post whether the French were still in a position to 'tap' any HUMINT source in a ME-government outside Afar and Isssa tribal lands. Personally I would be more interested and more concerned in the number of reliable sources and assets any Western government has in the wider ME.
Seems to me that Southern Turkey, the whole of Syria, most of Iraq, part of Lebanon, large areas in the Arab peninsula, as well as Somalia (not middle-east as such, but an extension of Arabian peninsula in some ways), have turned into some sort of "black hole": sucking in anything that comes too close and not letting anything out that can't be seen with our "eye in the sky".

[Margaret Steinfels]

Of course, I've never gardened in my life. Maybe gardens flourish in deserts. Do they?

[turcopolier]

Peggy

Yes, if you water them. pl

[Abu Sinan]

Colonel,

I thought you might be interested in this article. It is by Atiaf al-Wazir. She is my wife's cousin and a journalist. She covered the uprising of recent years and is now in Sana'a.

http://womanfromyemen.blogspot.com/2015/01/its-not-sunni-shia-conflict-dummy.html

[Laguerre]

Thanks for the link. It was very interesting.

[Laguerre]

Thanks very much for your brief account of your experiences in Yemen. I'm looking forward to a full account. Yemen is a fascinating country, which regrettably I haven't had the chance to visit. In the 1970s and 1980s it must have been like a medieval country still surviving in the 20th century, much like my experience of Afghanistan in 1968.

At that time I was experiencing Jordan and Iraq, quite different. "Modernised" states, quite different from Yemen.