'In war men are nothing; it is the man who is everything.
The general is the head, the whole of an army. It was
not the Roman army that conquered Gaul, but Cæsar; it
was not the Carthaginian army that made Rome tremble
in her gates, but Hannibal; it was not the Macedonian army
that reached the Indus, but Alexander; it was not the
French army that carried the war to the Weser and the Inn,
but Turenne; it was not the Prussian army which, for seven
years, defended Prussia against the three greatest Powers of
Europe, but Frederick the Great! So spoke Napoleon,
reiterating a truth confirmed by the experience of suc-
cessive ages, that a wise direction is of more avail than
overwhelming numbers, sound strategy than the most per-
feet armament; a powerful will, invigorating all who come
within its sphere, than the spasmodic efforts of ill-regulated
valour." GFR Henderson
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I spent part of the holiday period in the depressing process of watching the television series, "Auschwitz, inside the Nazi state." From time to time, we should all submit ourselves to the lessons of German mass insanity in the 20th century. Humanity failed. Let us try to learn why that happened.
The biggest lesson that I take from this catastrophe is that without Hitler the Shoa would not have occurred. Were the Germans filled with pompous nationalism? Yes. Did a lot of Germans (Austrians included) hate Jews and other "undesirables?" Yes. Was Germany prepared for radical government by the provisions of Versailles? Yes. Without Hitler would Germany have systematically engineered the wholesale massacre of innocents? I think not. Would Germany have tried to seize most of eastern Europe without Hitler? I think not. This question brings into sharp focus the question of the ultimate responsibility of Beck, Halder and a host of other officers of the Heer in allowing Hitler to live. Should a few others like Hausser and Bittrich be included in that open question? Interesting.
This meditation calls to mind the role of other "men" in the Napoleonic sense:
Would France have behaved as it did in the age of Napoleon without the emperor himself"
Woud the North have persisted to the end in its war of subjugation of the South without Lincoln?
Would the Soviet Union have murdered so many million Kulaks (or successfully resisted Germany) without Stalin?
I offer this thought as a caution to those who believe that history is a matter of over-arching blind forces that will have their way no matter what.
Individuals matter. PL
http://www.questia.com/read/99022798?title=Chapter%20XXI%20the%20Army%20of%20Northern%20Virginia
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